To Know Christ Jesus Book Summary

Title: To Know Christ Jesus
Author: Frank J. Sheed

TLDR: This book invites readers on a journey into the Gospels to encounter the real person of Jesus Christ, moving beyond creedal summaries to explore his humanity, divinity, and mission.

Chapter 1. On Meeting Christ Jesus

This chapter sets the stage for the journey Frank Sheed invites the reader to undertake: an intimate exploration of Jesus Christ’s life and teachings as revealed in the Gospels. Sheed highlights the limitations of a purely creedal understanding of Christ, arguing that a deeper knowledge of his earthly life – particularly his public ministry – is essential for a complete appreciation of his person and mission.

Sheed acknowledges the challenge posed by the non-chronological and sometimes seemingly contradictory nature of the Gospel accounts. He emphasizes the importance of focusing on the “things” Jesus did and said, rather than getting bogged down in minute verbal discrepancies. Different evangelists, reflecting their unique perspectives and experiences, may have presented the same events with varying emphasis or phrasing.

However, this does not diminish the fundamental truth of the events themselves. Sheed calls for a concentrated, attentive reading of the Gospels, imagining the early Christians eager to learn everything about Jesus. He urges the reader to see beyond the idealized, static representations of Christ and engage with the real, dynamic person revealed in Scripture.

Sheed then highlights the essential theological backdrop for the journey – the dual nature of Christ as true God and true man. He underscores the importance of approaching the Gospels not as a detached intellectual exercise, but as a personal encounter with a living person. He reminds us that the Christ of the public ministry, fully human and yet divine, is the same Christ now at the right hand of the Father.

Part One: The First Thirty Years

Chapter 2. Setting the Stage

This chapter lays the historical and geographical foundation for the story of Jesus Christ, starting with a discussion about the inaccuracy of the B.C./A.D. dating system. Sheed explains that Christ’s birth, contrary to common assumption, predates the year 1 A.D., likely falling between 8 and 4 B.C.

He then paints a picture of first-century Palestine – a surprisingly small territory inhabited by a people who have profoundly impacted world history. Sheed highlights the key geographical divisions of the region: Galilee in the north, Judea in the south, and Samaria sandwiched between them. He explains the distinct cultural and religious identities of these areas, particularly the tensions between Jews and Samaritans stemming from historical conflicts.

Sheed delves into the significance of Gabriel’s role in the Annunciation, drawing parallels with his earlier messages to Daniel and Zechariah. He then provides insights into the little-known backgrounds of Mary and Joseph – their lineage, their betrothal customs, and the challenges posed by Mary’s unexpected pregnancy. He emphasizes the essential role of Joseph in legally acknowledging Jesus as his son, thereby granting him lineage to King David.

Finally, he introduces Saint Luke’s Gospel, highlighting Luke’s meticulous approach to investigation and the unique challenges his account presented to early readers, particularly the presence of angels and the Hebraic style of the opening chapters. Sheed explains how Luke’s writing reflects the deep connection between the Old and New Testaments, seamlessly weaving God’s actions throughout history.

Chapter 3. Mary Conceives

This chapter delves deeper into the Annunciation, meticulously analyzing Luke’s account and its theological implications. Sheed examines the dialogue between Mary and Gabriel, paying close attention to each phrase and its potential impact on Mary’s understanding.

He explores the meaning of Gabriel’s greetings – “full of grace,” “the Lord is with thee,” “blessed art thou among women” – considering their potential ambiguities and Mary’s perplexity in the face of such unprecedented pronouncements. Sheed highlights Mary’s thoughtful silence, her desire to comprehend the message before uttering her consent.

Sheed then draws on John’s Gospel to illuminate Gabriel’s revelation. He meticulously unpacks John’s prologue, revealing the identity of the “Word” as the eternally begotten Son of God, co-equal with the Father. He emphasizes the profound reality of the Incarnation – God the Son taking on human nature in Mary’s womb.

The chapter examines Mary’s visit to Elizabeth, highlighting the encounter between the two expectant mothers and the mysterious “leaping” of John in Elizabeth’s womb. Sheed analyzes the Magnificat, emphasizing Mary’s profound humility and her recognition of God as her savior despite her own sinlessness. He notes the incredible boldness of her claim that “all generations shall call me blessed,” a claim vindicated by history.

Finally, the chapter shifts focus to Joseph, unpacking Matthew’s account of his struggle to reconcile Mary’s pregnancy with his knowledge of her purity. Sheed highlights Joseph’s righteousness, his desire to protect Mary’s reputation, and his obedience to the angel’s message revealing the virginal conception. He concludes with an analysis of the prophecy from Isaiah about a virgin bearing a son named “Emmanuel,” emphasizing its fulfillment in the person of Jesus Christ.

Chapter 4. Born in Bethlehem

This chapter narrates the events surrounding Christ’s birth, starting with the journey to Bethlehem compelled by the census ordered by Caesar Augustus. Sheed paints a vivid picture of the journey – the arduous travel, the crowds, the unexpected setting of Christ’s birth in a stable due to lack of space in the bustling town.

Sheed then highlights the significance of Bethlehem as the birthplace of King David, connecting it to Gabriel’s announcement that Mary’s son would inherit David’s throne. He delves into Mary’s likely study of the Scriptures, particularly the prophecies focusing on the woman’s role in the Messiah’s coming.

The chapter describes the visit of the Magi – wise men from the East drawn by a star to seek the King of the Jews. Sheed debunks popular representations of the Magi as kings, suggesting they were more likely scholars traveling inconspicuously. He examines the symbolism of their gifts – gold for a king, incense for a god, myrrh for burial – highlighting the unsettling juxtaposition of such gifts with Herod’s murderous intentions.

Sheed vividly portrays Herod’s reaction to the Magi’s arrival, revealing his insecurity and his brutal plan to eliminate any potential rival to his throne. He describes the Massacre of the Innocents and the flight of the Holy Family into Egypt guided by an angel, contrasting the real helplessness of the divine infant with fanciful legends about baby Jesus performing miracles.

The chapter concludes with Herod’s death and the Holy Family’s return to Nazareth, again guided by an angel’s message. Sheed highlights the continuing insecurity of Judea under Archelaus and the irony of Jesus spending his life as a subject of the man who would ultimately hand him over to the Romans for execution.

Chapter 5. Nazareth of Galilee

This chapter explores the “hidden life” of Jesus in Nazareth, emphasizing the challenges and misconceptions associated with this period. Sheed cautions against equating “hidden” with the cloistered life of contemplatives, arguing that the Holy Family lived a visible, public life in Nazareth. He also warns against trying to model modern family life directly on the Holy Family, highlighting the unique circumstances of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph.

Sheed then delves into the distinct characteristics of Galilee, contrasting its richer economy and multicultural population with the predominantly Jewish Judea. He describes the everyday life of a carpenter and his wife in first-century Galilee, emphasizing their simple diet, their domestic tasks, and the political and social events that shaped their world.

The chapter explores the impact of Herod’s death on the Jewish people, particularly the emergence of numerous self-proclaimed Messiahs vying for power and ultimately meeting violent ends. Sheed highlights the unsettling backdrop of bloodshed and violence that characterized Jesus’ early years.

Chapter 6. Joseph, Mary, and Jesus

This chapter focuses on the dynamics within the Holy Family, emphasizing the crucial roles of both Joseph and Mary in Jesus’ upbringing. Sheed addresses the common misunderstanding of Joseph as a mere “foster-father,” clarifying his legal status as Jesus’ true father according to Jewish law.

He then tackles the sensitive issue of Mary’s perpetual virginity, addressing scriptural passages that might be misinterpreted to suggest she had other children. Sheed draws on Jewish grammatical usage and early Church tradition to confirm Mary’s lifelong virginity, emphasizing the sacredness of the womb that bore the Son of God.

Sheed challenges popular depictions of Joseph as an old man, arguing for a deeper, more loving relationship between husband and wife. He stresses the profound sanctity of both Mary and Joseph, highlighting the immense love that fueled their virginal marriage and their unique family life with a divine child.

The chapter delves into the implications of the Incarnation, emphasizing the reality of Jesus’ human nature and his subjection to the laws of human development. Sheed stresses that Jesus did not take shortcuts, but truly lived the human experience in its entirety, learning, growing, and relying on his parents’ guidance as any child would.

Chapter 7. Episode in the Temple

This chapter focuses on the single incident from Jesus’ childhood recorded in the Gospels – his separation from his parents during the Passover pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Sheed analyzes Luke’s account, emphasizing the mystery and significance of this episode.

He describes the Passover rituals, highlighting the symbolic connection between the slaying and eating of the paschal lamb and Jesus’ own future sacrifice. He then narrates the family’s journey to Jerusalem, the separation, the anxious search, and the eventual finding of Jesus engaged in discussion with the doctors in the Temple.

Sheed examines the dialogue between Jesus and his mother, analyzing Mary’s concerned question and Jesus’ perplexing answer about being “about my Father’s business.” He explores the possible meanings of Jesus’ words, considering whether he referred to his presence in the Temple or to some other, undisclosed task.

The chapter concludes with an analysis of the profound impact of Jesus’ words on Mary’s understanding. Sheed highlights the unprecedented use of the phrase “my Father” in reference to God, suggesting its potential significance for Mary’s growing awareness of Jesus’ divine nature.

Chapter 8. Carpenter in Nazareth

This chapter explores the years following the Temple episode, relying on the scant scriptural details to reconstruct the life of the Holy Family in Nazareth. Sheed analyzes the final verses of Luke’s second chapter, focusing on the statement that Jesus “advanced in wisdom with the years, and in favor both with God and with men.”

He explores the meaning of Mary’s “pondering,” suggesting possible avenues of her reflection on Jesus’ words and actions. He then delves into the significance of Jesus’ obedience to his parents, emphasizing the reality of his human nature and his willing submission to the fourth commandment.

Sheed then considers the meaning of Jesus “growing in wisdom,” highlighting the genuineness of his human intellect and his dependence on experiential knowledge despite his divine nature. He explores the likely influence of Mary and Joseph in shaping Jesus’ understanding of Scripture and the prophecies about the Messiah.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the impact of Jesus’ life on the people of Nazareth, emphasizing their surprise at his eventual emergence as a miracle-worker and teacher. Sheed highlights the ordinary, seemingly unremarkable nature of Jesus’ life in Nazareth, challenging his followers to avoid taking his divinity for granted.

Chapter 9. The Mission of John the Baptist

This chapter introduces John the Baptist, emphasizing his essential role as forerunner to Jesus Christ. Sheed examines the significance attached to John by all four evangelists and his place in Christian tradition, despite the lack of explicit explanation in Scripture as to why Jesus needed a forerunner.

He explores the key elements of John’s message – the imminence of the Kingdom of God and the call for repentance – drawing connections with the Old Testament prophets and highlighting John’s unique emphasis on individual confession of sin.

Sheed then analyzes John’s encounter with the official deputation from Jerusalem, focusing on his denial of being the Christ, Elijah, or the Prophet, and his proclamation of a mightier One to come who would baptize with the Holy Spirit and fire.

The chapter concludes with an examination of the growing opposition to John from the religious leaders, particularly his condemnation of their reliance on lineage and his warning that the coming One would separate the wheat from the chaff with unquenchable fire.

Chapter 10. Jesus Baptized by John

This chapter narrates the baptism of Jesus by John, highlighting its significance as a pivotal event marking the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry. Sheed analyzes the dialogue between the two cousins, focusing on John’s insistence that he should be baptized by Jesus and Jesus’ insistence on fulfilling “all due observance.”

He then explores the profound implications of the descent of the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove and the voice from heaven declaring, “Thou art my beloved Son, in thee I am well pleased.” Sheed examines the impact of these events on John’s understanding, confirming Jesus as the Messiah and providing the promised sign.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the purpose of Jesus’ baptism, considering its symbolic significance as a fulfillment of the Old Testament prefigurings and as a point of transition from John’s ministry to Jesus’ own.

Chapter 11. Duel in the Desert

This chapter explores the temptation of Jesus by Satan in the desert, emphasizing its importance as a cosmic conflict between the Redeemer and the Enemy. Sheed meticulously analyzes the accounts given by Matthew and Luke, highlighting the dramatic tension and the profound theological implications of this confrontation.

He delves into the nature and motivations of Satan, identifying him as the leader of the fallen angels, the “prince of this world,” who seeks to thwart God’s plan for man’s redemption. Sheed explores Satan’s possible understanding of Jesus’ identity and his desperation to learn more about the one who would ultimately crush his head.

The chapter analyzes each of the three temptations, drawing connections to the experiences of the Israelites in the desert and highlighting Satan’s attempt to exploit Jesus’ hunger, his desire for glory, and his yearning for power. Sheed examines Jesus’ responses, rooted in Scripture and emphasizing his dependence on God, his refusal to test his Father, and his unwavering commitment to serve God alone.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the meaning of temptation for Jesus, considering the possible impact of prolonged contact with evil and the significance of the angels ministering to him after Satan’s departure.

Part Two: The Public Life

Chapter 12. The First Disciples

This chapter focuses on the calling of Jesus’ first disciples, highlighting the beginnings of his public ministry and the formation of the community that would become the foundation of his Church. Sheed emphasizes the pivotal role of John the Baptist in directing his disciples towards Jesus, proclaiming him as the “Lamb of God” and affirming his own subordinate position.

Sheed analyzes the encounters between Jesus and his first followers – Andrew, John, Peter, Philip, and Nathanael – highlighting their initial responses and the methods Jesus used to draw them to himself. He explores the significance of Jesus’ words “Come and see,” emphasizing the importance of personal experience in encountering Christ.

The chapter examines the convincing of Nathanael, focusing on Jesus’ miraculous knowledge of his past actions and his cryptic statement about seeing him under the fig tree. Sheed then explores Jesus’ enigmatic prophecy about seeing “heaven opened” and angels ascending and descending on the “Son of Man,” highlighting the emerging questions about Jesus’ identity and mission.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the disciples’ early attempts to understand Jesus, emphasizing their growing awareness of his unique power and their struggles to reconcile his seemingly ordinary background with their burgeoning belief that he might be the Messiah.

Chapter 13. Wedding in Cana

This chapter narrates the miracle at Cana, emphasizing its significance as Jesus’ first public display of his divine power. Sheed analyzes John’s account, highlighting the social context of the wedding feast, the role of Mary in prompting Jesus to intervene, and the surprising nature of the miracle itself.

He explores the dialogue between Jesus and Mary, analyzing the potential harshness of Jesus’ words, “Woman, what is that to me and to thee? My hour is not yet come,” and Mary’s unwavering faith in his willingness to act despite his seemingly dismissive response.

Sheed then examines the miracle itself – the changing of water into wine – emphasizing its unique character as a demonstration of power for a seemingly trivial purpose. He explores the possible symbolic meanings of the miracle, connecting it to the abundance of grace Jesus would bring to the world and the transformation of the Old Covenant into the New.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the impact of the miracle on the disciples and on Mary’s understanding. Sheed highlights the growing awareness of Jesus’ divine power and Mary’s likely acceptance of her role in launching him onto the public stage, knowing the ultimate cost of his mission.

Chapter 14. Moneychangers and Nicodemus

This chapter focuses on Jesus’ confrontation with the moneychangers in the Temple and his encounter with Nicodemus, highlighting the emerging conflict with the religious leaders and the unfolding revelation of Jesus’ identity and mission. Sheed analyzes John’s account of the cleansing of the Temple, emphasizing Jesus’ righteous anger at the profanation of his Father’s house and his use of force to drive out those who exploited the sacred for personal gain.

He explores the reaction of the Temple authorities, highlighting their demand for a sign and their inability to grasp the significance of Jesus’ prophecy about destroying and rebuilding the Temple in three days, a reference to his own death and resurrection.

The chapter then examines Jesus’ conversation with Nicodemus, a Pharisee and member of the Sanhedrin who approaches him secretly at night. Sheed analyzes the profound truths revealed in this dialogue – the necessity of being “born again” of water and the Spirit, the mysterious working of grace in the soul, Jesus’ own pre-existence and heavenly origin, and the foreshadowing of his death on the cross as a means of salvation.

Chapter 15. Leaving Judea for Galilee

This chapter narrates Jesus’ departure from Judea and his journey back to Galilee, focusing on the increasing opposition from the Pharisees and his encounter with a Samaritan woman at Jacob’s well. Sheed analyzes John’s account, exploring the reasons for Jesus’ leaving Judea and the significance of his preaching and baptizing (through his disciples) alongside John the Baptist.

He examines John’s humble acceptance of his subordinate role, proclaiming Jesus as the bridegroom and himself as the bridegroom’s friend. Sheed then highlights the growing tension between Jesus and the Pharisees, culminating in John the Baptist’s arrest by Herod Antipas.

The chapter then focuses on Jesus’ conversation with a Samaritan woman, analyzing the social and religious barriers she represents and the profound truths revealed in their dialogue – the gift of “living water” as a symbol of grace, the universality of God’s worship, and the explicit statement that Jesus is the Messiah.

Chapter 16. The Ministry in Galilee Begins

This chapter focuses on the beginning of Jesus’ ministry in Galilee, highlighting his teaching in the synagogues, his first exorcism, and the definitive calling of his first four disciples. Sheed emphasizes the geographic centrality of Capernaum, Jesus’ chosen base of operations, and analyzes Mark’s account of his preaching in the synagogue and the astonishment his teachings evoked.

He explores the significance of Jesus’ first exorcism, highlighting the demon’s recognition of him as the “Holy One of God” and the fear and wonder elicited by his authoritative command. Sheed then describes the healing of Peter’s mother-in-law and the throngs of sick and possessed who sought Jesus’ healing touch.

The chapter then analyzes the definitive calling of Peter, Andrew, James, and John, emphasizing the miraculous catch of fish and Peter’s overwhelming sense of sinfulness in the face of Jesus’ power. Sheed explores the meaning of Jesus’ words, “Henceforth thou shalt catch men,” highlighting the transformation of their profession from fishing for fish to fishing for souls.

Chapter 17. Miracles and Exorcisms

This chapter explores the nature and significance of Jesus’ miracles and exorcisms, addressing the challenges posed by these events to modern sensibilities and emphasizing their importance as signs of his divine mission and his compassionate love. Sheed defends the historicity of the miracles, arguing against attempts to dismiss them as myth or to explain them away as the product of advanced scientific knowledge.

He then analyzes the types of miracles recorded in the Gospels, highlighting Jesus’ power over nature, his healing of diseases, his casting out of demons, and his raising of the dead. Sheed compares Jesus’ methods with those of Old Testament prophets and contemporary pagan healers, emphasizing the directness and simplicity of his commands and the absence of rituals or incantations.

The chapter delves deeper into the controversial topic of demon possession, highlighting the reality of demonic power as attested to in Scripture and the distinction between nervous diseases and cases of genuine demonic influence. Sheed explores the methods used by Jewish exorcists, contrasting their reliance on rituals and formulas with Jesus’ authoritative command.

Chapter 18. “He Blasphemes”

This chapter focuses on Jesus’ claim to forgive sins, highlighting the growing conflict with the Pharisees and the accusation of blasphemy leveled against him. Sheed analyzes Mark’s account of the healing of a paralytic in Capernaum, emphasizing the shock elicited by Jesus’ words, “Thy sins are forgiven thee,” and the Pharisees’ challenge, “Who can forgive sins but God alone?”

He explores the theological implications of Jesus’ claim, highlighting the unprecedented nature of such an assertion in Jewish tradition and the question of his identity that it raises. Sheed examines Jesus’ response to the accusation, his use of the phrase “Son of Man” to refer to himself, and his working of a miracle to demonstrate his authority.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the reasons why Jesus did not explicitly declare his divinity at this point, emphasizing the likely reaction of the Jewish people – either terrified awe or murderous rage – and their inability to comprehend the doctrine of the Incarnation without a prior understanding of the Trinity.

Chapter 19. Pharisees and Sadducees

This chapter provides a detailed examination of the two key religious groups in first-century Palestine – the Sadducees and the Pharisees – highlighting their distinct beliefs, their social and political roles, and their differing responses to Jesus’ ministry. Sheed explores the Sadducees’ priestly aristocracy, their focus on political power and worldly success, and their rejection of the resurrection and the immortality of the soul.

He then analyzes the Pharisees’ commitment to observing the Law, their acceptance of the entire Old Testament and the teachings of the scribes, and their dominance in the synagogues and the religious life of the ordinary people. Sheed explores the Pharisees’ belief in the ongoing revelation of God through Scripture and their development of the “traditions” – interpretations of the Law that often overshadowed the original commandments.

The chapter then delves into the Pharisees’ growing opposition to Jesus, highlighting their clashes over ritual observances, their rejection of his authority to interpret and expand the Law, and their accusation that he made himself equal to God by claiming the power to forgive sins.

Chapter 20. The Calling of the Twelve

This chapter focuses on the choosing of the twelve apostles, highlighting the significance of this event in establishing the foundation of Jesus’ Church and the diverse backgrounds and personalities of the men he selected. Sheed analyzes Luke’s account, emphasizing Jesus’ spending a night in prayer before making his choices and the inclusion of his earlier followers – Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, and Nathanael – as well as new additions like Matthew the tax collector.

He explores the unique roles of Peter, James, and John, highlighting their closeness to Jesus and their distinctive personalities – Peter’s impulsiveness, John’s contemplative nature, James’ relative obscurity. Sheed then examines the little-known backgrounds of the remaining five apostles – Thomas, James the Less, Jude, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot – speculating on their possible motivations and their early responses to Jesus’ call.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the revolutionary significance of the Twelve, their unlikely qualifications for the task ahead, and the promise that they would inherit authority to rule the new Israel of God.

Chapter 21. The Sermon on the Mount

This chapter analyzes the Sermon on the Mount, highlighting its significance as a foundational teaching for the new community Jesus was establishing and the radical nature of the life he called his followers to embrace. Sheed examines the Beatitudes, emphasizing the seeming paradox of finding blessedness in poverty, mourning, persecution, and other traditionally negative experiences.

He explores Jesus’ teachings on righteousness, highlighting the importance of inward purity over external observances, the call to love one’s enemies, and the Golden Rule – “do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” Sheed then examines Jesus’ claim to fulfill the Law and the Prophets, emphasizing his authority to interpret and expand the original commandments.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the impact of the Sermon on the Mount on Jesus’ hearers, highlighting the astonishment it evoked, the exacting nature of the demands it placed on his followers, and the growing awareness that he was offering a new way of life, a new understanding of God’s will.

Chapter 22. Three Miracles

This chapter focuses on three key miracles performed by Jesus – the calming of the storm, the casting out of demons into swine, and the healing of the woman with an issue of blood – highlighting his power over nature, his authority over demonic forces, and his compassionate response to human suffering.

Sheed analyzes Mark’s account of the storm on the lake, emphasizing the apostles’ fear and lack of faith, Jesus’ rebuke of the wind and the sea, and Peter’s insightful recognition of their failure to grasp the deeper meaning of the multiplication of loaves.

He then examines the disturbing episode of the demons being cast into swine, exploring the possible motivations of the demons, the impact of their actions on the pigs and their owners, and the questions this incident raises about the purpose of such seemingly destructive miracles.

The chapter concludes with an analysis of the healing of the woman with an issue of blood, highlighting her desperate faith, Jesus’ awareness of power going out from him, and his affirmation that her faith had made her whole.

Chapter 23. Reactions in Galilee

This chapter explores the diverse responses to Jesus’ ministry in Galilee, highlighting the growing polarization between his followers and his enemies, and the lingering questions about his identity and mission. Sheed analyzes the episode of the sinful woman anointing Jesus’ feet, emphasizing the contrast between Simon the Pharisee’s judgmental attitude and Jesus’ recognition of the woman’s profound love and her forgiveness.

He then examines the rejection of Jesus by his own townspeople in Nazareth, highlighting their incredulity at his claims, their resentment of his focus on the marginalized, and their attempt to kill him. Sheed then explores the growing opposition from Jesus’ own relatives, culminating in their declaration that he had become mad and their attempt to restrain him.

The chapter concludes with an analysis of the messengers sent by John the Baptist from prison, highlighting their question, “Art thou he that art to come?,” and Jesus’ indirect response, focusing on the fulfillment of prophecy and the blessedness of those who are not scandalized by him.

Chapter 24. First Sending of the Twelve

This chapter focuses on Jesus’ teaching in parables and his sending out of the twelve apostles on their first mission, highlighting the developing understanding of the Kingdom of God and the emerging role of the apostles as proclaimers of the Good News and agents of healing.

Sheed analyzes the day of parables, exploring the meaning of the parable of the sower and the seed, and the lessons Jesus conveys about the varied responses to God’s word, the gradual growth of the Kingdom, and the ultimate judgment that awaits all.

He then examines the sending out of the Twelve, analyzing their instructions, their limited understanding of the Kingdom, and the practical challenges they faced in proclaiming the Gospel and demonstrating their newfound power over sickness and demonic forces.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the murder of John the Baptist, highlighting the political and personal motivations behind this tragic event and its impact on Jesus’ ministry.

Chapter 25. Mainly about Bread

This chapter focuses on Jesus’ teaching about himself as the “Bread of Life,” highlighting his miraculous feeding of the five thousand, his walking on water, and his challenging discourse in the synagogue at Capernaum. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by all four evangelists, emphasizing the connection between the physical miracle of the feeding and the spiritual nourishment offered in the Eucharist.

He explores the significance of Jesus’ walking on water, highlighting Peter’s impulsive faith and subsequent fear, and the disciples’ growing recognition of Jesus’ divine power. Sheed then analyzes Jesus’ discourse in the synagogue, emphasizing the initial misunderstanding of his hearers, their shock at his claim to be “the Bread of Life,” and their rejection of his teaching about eating his flesh and drinking his blood.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the significance of Peter’s declaration, “Lord, to whom shall we go? Thou hast the words of eternal life,” highlighting the unwavering faith that sustained him despite his lack of understanding.

Chapter 26. The Father and the Son

This chapter explores Jesus’ teachings about his relationship with the Father, highlighting his claim to divine authority and equality with God. Sheed analyzes John’s account of the healing of a paralytic at the pool of Bethesda, emphasizing the Pharisees’ outrage at Jesus’ working a miracle on the Sabbath and his bold declaration, “My Father works until now; and I work.”

He examines the discourse that follows, highlighting Jesus’ claims to share the Father’s power to raise the dead, his assertion that he is to be honored as the Father is honored, and his enigmatic statement, “I and the Father are one.” Sheed then explores the concept of the Son of God, analyzing its varied uses in the Old Testament and the revolutionary nature of Jesus’ claim to this title.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the limitations of human understanding in grasping the mystery of the Trinity and the reasons why Jesus did not reveal the full truth about his divinity at this point.

Chapter 27. Outside Palestine

This chapter narrates Jesus’ journeys outside Palestine, highlighting his encounter with a Canaanite woman and his healing miracles in the Decapolis. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by Matthew and Mark, exploring the possible reasons for Jesus’ venturing beyond Jewish territory and the significance of his interactions with Gentiles.

He examines the episode of the Canaanite woman, emphasizing her persistent faith, Jesus’ seemingly harsh refusals, and his ultimate granting of her request. Sheed then explores the healing of a deaf and dumb man in the Decapolis, highlighting the symbolic use of spittle and the significance of Jesus’ groaning, suggesting the effort and cost involved in performing such miracles.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the growing recognition of Jesus’ power among Gentiles, contrasted with the persistent unbelief and opposition he encountered among his own people.

Chapter 28. Transfiguration

This chapter focuses on the Transfiguration, highlighting its significance as a revelation of Jesus’ glory and a foreshadowing of his death and resurrection. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by Matthew, Mark, and Luke, emphasizing the presence of Moses and Elijah, representing the Law and the Prophets, and their conversation with Jesus about his upcoming passion.

He explores the meaning of Jesus’ being “transfigured,” his face shining like the sun and his garments dazzling white, suggesting a glimpse of his divine nature breaking through his human form. Sheed then examines the significance of the cloud overshadowing them and the voice from heaven declaring, “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him,” emphasizing the Father’s affirmation of Jesus’ authority and his call for obedience.

The chapter concludes with an analysis of the healing of the demoniac boy, highlighting the apostles’ failure to cast out the demon, Jesus’ rebuke of their unbelief, and the father’s desperate cry, “I believe, Lord; help my unbelief.”

Chapter 29. Ending of the Galilean Ministry

This chapter explores the final stages of Jesus’ ministry in Galilee, highlighting his teachings about leadership, humility, and the value of every soul. Sheed analyzes Mark’s account of the apostles arguing about who should be greatest, emphasizing Jesus’ rebuke, his lesson about being a servant of all, and his symbolic act of washing their feet.

He then examines Jesus’ teachings about the importance of children, the little ones, and the insignificant, highlighting the parable of the lost sheep and his declaration, “The Son of Man is come to save that which was lost.” Sheed explores the radical nature of Jesus’ compassion, extending even to those who have strayed furthest from God’s will.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on Jesus’ pronouncements of woe against the unrepentant cities of Galilee, suggesting his awareness of the limited success of his ministry in the north and his growing determination to confront the opposition in Jerusalem.

Chapter 30. At the Feast of Tabernacles

This chapter narrates Jesus’ journey to Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles, highlighting his first public teaching in the Temple and the increasing hostility of the religious leaders. Sheed analyzes John’s account, exploring the significance of the Feast of Tabernacles, Jesus’ arrival “in secret,” and the crowds’ reactions to his teachings.

He examines Jesus’ claim to be “the light of the world,” emphasizing the universality of his mission and the connection to Isaiah’s prophecy about bringing salvation to the Gentiles. Sheed then explores the symbolism of the water ceremony during the feast, connecting it to Jesus’ words about “living water” flowing from his bosom, a reference to the Holy Spirit.

The chapter concludes with an analysis of the Temple authorities’ attempts to arrest Jesus and their frustration at the guards’ refusal to seize him, citing his unparalleled eloquence as a reason for their inaction.

Chapter 31. The Man Born Blind

This chapter focuses on the healing of a man born blind, highlighting the miracle itself, the Pharisees’ attempts to discredit Jesus, and the man’s courageous confession of faith. Sheed analyzes John’s account, emphasizing the symbolism of Jesus using clay made with his spittle to heal the man’s eyes and his command to wash in the pool of Siloam, drawing connections to Old Testament miracles and prophetic imagery.

He examines the Pharisees’ interrogation of the healed man and his parents, highlighting their desperation to disprove the miracle and the threat of excommunication they used to silence any who acknowledged Jesus as the Messiah. Sheed then explores the healed man’s witty and defiant responses to their questions, culminating in his declaration, “One thing I know, that whereas I was blind, now I see.”

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the growing opposition to Jesus and the Pharisees’ determination to find a way to eliminate him, driven by their fear of his growing influence and their rejection of his claims.

Chapter 32. Forming the New Christians

This chapter explores the development of Jesus’ community of followers, highlighting his teachings on discipleship, prayer, and the primacy of doing God’s will. Sheed analyzes Luke’s account of several individuals seeking to follow Jesus, emphasizing the demanding nature of his call and the necessity of unwavering commitment.

He then examines the sending out of the seventy-two disciples, highlighting the instructions they received, their mission to heal the sick and proclaim the nearness of the Kingdom of God, and their joyous return, filled with stories of their successes in casting out demons.

The chapter concludes with an analysis of Jesus’ rejoicing in the Holy Spirit and his profound declaration about the unique relationship between the Father and the Son, emphasizing the privilege of revelation granted to those who are humble and receptive to God’s will.

Chapter 33. The Opposition Hardens

This chapter focuses on the increasing hostility towards Jesus from the Pharisees, highlighting his challenging teachings and their growing determination to find a reason to condemn him. Sheed analyzes the parable of the Good Samaritan, emphasizing the shock it elicited by presenting a Samaritan as the model of neighborly love and the radical inclusiveness of Jesus’ message.

He then explores the concept of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, analyzing the context of this teaching and the significance of Jesus’ accusing his opponents of this unforgivable sin, highlighting their willful rejection of God’s truth and their attribution of his miracles to demonic power.

The chapter concludes with an examination of Jesus’ fierce indictment of the Pharisees, highlighting their hypocrisy, their emphasis on external observances over inward purity, and their resemblance to “whited sepulchres” – outwardly beautiful but inwardly corrupt.

Chapter 34. Mainly in Perea

This chapter narrates Jesus’ ministry in Perea, highlighting his teachings about the Kingdom of God, his continued clashes with the Pharisees, and his growing awareness of the inevitability of his death. Sheed analyzes Luke’s account, exploring the reasons for Jesus’ leaving Judea and the significance of his teachings in this predominantly Gentile region.

He examines Jesus’ pronouncements about the inclusion of Gentiles in the Kingdom of God, highlighting the parable of the great supper and his warning that many who considered themselves first would find themselves last. Sheed then explores the parable of the laborers in the vineyard, emphasizing the equality of reward for those who come late to God’s service and the unsettling implication that the Jewish people might forfeit their privileged position.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the apostles’ limited understanding of Jesus’ teachings and their struggles to reconcile his promises of glory with his increasingly clear predictions of suffering and death.

Chapter 35. Return to Judea

This chapter focuses on the raising of Lazarus from the dead, highlighting the miracle itself, Martha’s unwavering faith, and the decisive impact this event had on Jesus’ enemies, solidifying their determination to eliminate him. Sheed analyzes John’s account, emphasizing the emotional intensity of the scene, Jesus’ weeping and his “troubling himself,” suggesting the cost involved in performing such a momentous miracle.

He explores the dialogue between Jesus and Martha, highlighting her initial hope that Jesus might have prevented Lazarus’ death, her bewilderment at his command to remove the stone from the tomb, and her ultimate confession of faith, “Yea, Lord, I have believed that thou art Christ the Son of God, who art come into this world.”

The chapter concludes with an analysis of the high priest Caiaphas’ declaration that it was expedient for one man to die for the people, highlighting its unwitting prophetic significance and the political motivations behind the Jewish leaders’ decision to eliminate Jesus, driven by their fear of Roman reprisal.

Chapter 36. Ephraim to Bethany via Jericho

This chapter narrates Jesus’ final journey from Ephraim to Bethany, highlighting his detailed prediction of his Passion, the ambitious request of James and John, and his encounters with blind men and a tax collector. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by Matthew, Mark, and Luke, exploring the growing tension and the apostles’ fear as they approach Jerusalem.

He examines Jesus’ prophecy about his betrayal, condemnation, scourging, and crucifixion, followed by his resurrection on the third day, highlighting the apostles’ inability to grasp the full meaning of his words. Sheed then analyzes the request of James and John for privileged positions in the Kingdom, emphasizing Jesus’ response about the necessity of sharing his suffering and his reminder that true greatness lies in service, not status.

The chapter then describes the healing of two blind men in Jericho, highlighting their persistent faith and their acclamation of Jesus as “Son of David.” Sheed then explores the conversion of Zacchaeus, the chief tax collector of Jericho, emphasizing his eagerness to welcome Jesus into his home, his repentance, and his commitment to making restitution for his past wrongdoings.

Chapter 37. Palms and a Fig Tree

This chapter narrates Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday and the puzzling incident of the cursed fig tree, highlighting the contrast between the crowds’ enthusiastic reception and Jesus’ own awareness of the suffering that awaited him. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by Matthew, Mark, and John, exploring the symbolism of Jesus riding on a donkey, the crowds’ acclamations, and his weeping over Jerusalem, foreshadowing its eventual destruction.

He examines the significance of the crowds’ shouting “Hosannah to the Son of David,” highlighting their expectation of a political Messiah who would restore Israel’s earthly glory and Jesus’ subtle challenge to their understanding through his choice of a humble mode of transport. Sheed then analyzes the incident of the cursed fig tree, exploring its symbolic meaning as a condemnation of outward show without inward fruitfulness and the apostles’ puzzlement at Jesus’ seemingly harsh action.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on Jesus’ words to the apostles about faith and the power to move mountains, highlighting the importance of unwavering trust in God’s power and the growing tension between Jesus and the religious leaders.

Chapter 38. Pharisees, Sadducees, and Herodians

This chapter focuses on the final confrontations between Jesus and his opponents in the Temple, highlighting the escalating tension and their futile attempts to trap him with their questions. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by Matthew, Mark, and Luke, exploring the distinct motivations of the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Herodians in challenging Jesus’ authority.

He examines the Sadducees’ question about the resurrection, highlighting their skepticism and their attempt to discredit Jesus’ teaching by posing a seemingly unanswerable dilemma. Sheed then analyzes Jesus’ response, emphasizing his clarification of the nature of the resurrected life and his affirmation of the reality of the resurrection based on God’s covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

The chapter then explores the Herodians’ question about paying tribute to Caesar, highlighting their attempt to force Jesus into a position of either alienating the Jewish people or incurring Roman wrath. Sheed analyzes Jesus’ response, emphasizing his clever use of a Roman coin to demonstrate Caesar’s authority in the temporal realm while reaffirming God’s ultimate sovereignty.

Chapter 39. A Chapter of Endings

This chapter explores the theme of endings, highlighting Jesus’ pronouncements about the destruction of the Temple, the end of the age, and the end of each individual’s life. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by Matthew, Mark, and Luke, exploring the apostles’ anxieties and Jesus’ increasingly explicit teachings about the future.

He examines the incident of the widow’s mite, emphasizing the contrast between the widow’s selfless generosity and the ostentatious giving of the wealthy, highlighting Jesus’ commendation of her sacrificial offering. Sheed then analyzes Jesus’ prophecy about the destruction of the Temple, emphasizing the disciples’ distress and his unwavering affirmation of the inevitability of this event.

The chapter then explores Jesus’ discourse on the Mount of Olives, highlighting his enigmatic pronouncements about the signs of his coming, the end of the world, and the importance of constant vigilance and preparedness. Sheed examines the parable of the wise and foolish virgins, emphasizing the necessity of being spiritually prepared for the unexpected arrival of the bridegroom.

Finally, the chapter concludes with the betrayal of Jesus by Judas, highlighting the motivations behind this act and the profound mystery surrounding Judas’ character and his ultimate fate.

Part Three: Redemption

Chapter 40. The Last Supper

This chapter focuses on the Last Supper, highlighting the institution of the Eucharist, Jesus’ teachings about the Trinity and the Church, and the departure of Judas. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by all four evangelists, emphasizing the solemnity of the occasion, the Passover context, and the apostles’ continuing struggles to grasp the full meaning of Jesus’ words and actions.

He explores the argument among the apostles about who should be greatest, highlighting Jesus’ rebuke, his reminder that true greatness lies in service, and his symbolic act of washing their feet. Sheed then analyzes the institution of the Eucharist, emphasizing the connection to Jesus’ earlier teaching about the Bread of Life, the profound mystery of the transformation of bread and wine into his Body and Blood, and the command to “do this in remembrance of me.”

The chapter then examines Jesus’ discourse after Judas’ departure, highlighting his teachings about the Holy Spirit, the necessity of love as a defining characteristic of his disciples, and the profound unity that would bind them together in his Mystical Body.

Chapter 41. Agony and Arrest

This chapter narrates Jesus’ agony in the Garden of Gethsemane, his arrest, and his initial interrogation, highlighting the intensifying suffering he endured and the apostles’ failure to stand with him in his hour of need. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by Matthew, Mark, and Luke, emphasizing the emotional intensity of the scene, Jesus’ desperate prayer to be spared the chalice of suffering, and his ultimate submission to his Father’s will.

He explores the significance of Jesus’ sweat of blood, suggesting the extraordinary nature of his agony, the weight of the sins of humanity he bore, and the angel’s strengthening presence. Sheed then analyzes the arrival of Judas and the arresting party, highlighting Jesus’ calm self-identification, Peter’s impulsive act of violence, and Jesus’ rebuke, emphasizing the futility of resistance and his acceptance of his fate.

The chapter concludes with a description of the apostles’ flight and Peter’s denials, highlighting the weakness of human nature in the face of fear and the contrast between their earlier boasts of loyalty and their ultimate failure to stand with Jesus.

Chapter 42. Trial by Pontius Pilate

This chapter focuses on the trial of Jesus before Pontius Pilate, highlighting the political motivations behind his condemnation and Pilate’s attempts to evade responsibility for his execution. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by all four evangelists, exploring Pilate’s skepticism, his awareness of the Jewish leaders’ ulterior motives, and his unsuccessful attempts to appeal to the crowd and to shift the responsibility to Herod Antipas.

He examines the charges leveled against Jesus – perverting the nation, forbidding the payment of tribute to Caesar, and claiming to be King of the Jews – highlighting the political nature of the accusations and Pilate’s recognition of their flimsy basis. Sheed then analyzes the crowd’s demand for Barabbas’ release and their cry for Jesus’ crucifixion, emphasizing the role of mob mentality and the manipulation of the crowd by the religious leaders.

The chapter concludes with a description of Pilate’s reluctant yielding to the pressure, his symbolic act of handwashing, and his cynical inscription on the cross, “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews.”

Chapter 43. Priest Crucified

This chapter focuses on the crucifixion of Jesus, highlighting the seven words he uttered from the cross and the significance of his death as a priestly sacrifice. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by all four evangelists, emphasizing the details of the crucifixion, the presence of the two thieves crucified alongside Jesus, and the reactions of both his friends and his enemies.

He examines each of the seven words – from his prayer for forgiveness to his final cry, “It is consummated” – exploring their theological implications and highlighting the depth of his love, his compassionate concern for those around him, and his unwavering commitment to completing his mission. Sheed then analyzes the symbolic significance of the rending of the Temple veil, suggesting the opening of access to God’s presence through Jesus’ sacrifice.

The chapter concludes with a description of Jesus’ burial, highlighting the actions of Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, their courageous profession of faith, and the sealing of the tomb by the Jewish authorities, seemingly marking the end of his story.

Chapter 44. Resurrection and Ascension

This chapter focuses on the Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus, highlighting the significance of these events as confirmation of his divinity and the foundation of the Church’s mission. Sheed analyzes the accounts given by Paul and the four evangelists, emphasizing the empty tomb, the appearances of the risen Christ to his disciples, and the gradual unfolding of their understanding.

He explores the nature of Jesus’ resurrected body, highlighting its physical reality yet its freedom from the limitations of ordinary matter. Sheed then analyzes the encounters between Jesus and his disciples, emphasizing their initial disbelief, their gradual recognition of him, and the teachings he imparted about the Kingdom of God and their role in proclaiming the Good News.

The chapter then examines the Ascension, highlighting the significance of Jesus’ return to his Father and the promise of the Holy Spirit’s coming to empower his followers. Sheed concludes with a reflection on the meaning of the Resurrection for all believers, emphasizing the hope of eternal life and the reality of our union with Christ in his Mystical Body.

Chapter 45. At the Right Hand of God

This chapter explores the present activity of Jesus Christ, highlighting his continuing role as intercessor and the significance of his presence in heaven for the salvation of humanity. Sheed analyzes the teachings of Paul and the author of Hebrews, emphasizing the eternal nature of Christ’s priesthood and his ongoing intercession on behalf of his followers.

He examines the meaning of Christ’s sacrifice, highlighting the atonement it achieved, the reconciliation it brought about between God and humanity, and the crushing defeat it inflicted on Satan and the powers of evil. Sheed then explores the significance of the Resurrection and Ascension as essential parts of the redemptive act, not merely a happy ending to the story.

The chapter concludes with a reflection on the vision of Christ as the “Lamb standing, as it were slain,” highlighting the eternal power of his sacrifice, his continuing presence in the Eucharist, and our participation in his victory over sin and death through our union with him in the Church.